Tag: Boaventura de Sousa Santos

  • De las resistencias a las re-existencias Sobre los aprendizajes descoloniales de la última décadaAlex Serpas | Re-exists: A Leap of Life | Acrylic paint on paper | El Salvador, 2025

    From resistance to re-existence On the decolonial learnings of the last decade

    By Carlos Mendoza-Álvarez

    I return to the story of the river of waters of life and thought that has been formed thanks to shared learning experiences with friends with whom I discover an inspiring way to live spirituality and to weave a theological and philosophical thought that is meaningful and mobilizing for the times we live in our era of global uncertainty.

    Mutual Spiritual and Theological Accompaniment was the first stream that began to flow, irrigating the lands of my theological work, which I cultivated with people on the margins of society. I sought a spirituality of life that flourishes amidst the cracks of power, first in Mexico and the United States, then throughout the continent, and now reaching Europe and Africa. Thus, little by little, I explored spaces of great vitality, diverse spiritualities with their own theological knowledge outside the university, such as the public square, pastoral service, and social activism. These were spiritualities I had sensed since my youth, but which I now listened to with greater attention, both heart and mind.

    ∂

    The other tributary of the valley of decolonial practices and knowledge was one I began to navigate with Pablo Reyna, Araceli Téllez, Eduardo Velasco, and several colleagues from the Ibero-American University of Mexico City more than a decade ago. It was during the time of the #YoSoy132 student movement, which rose up against the corruption of the Mexican political system; also during the protests over the forced disappearance of the Ayotzinapa students; and, later, during the #MeToo movement, ignited by feminist comrades in public squares around the world to dismantle the age-old patriarchy.

    I joined the learning process to “decolonize the university,” to which David Fernández—who began his rectorship at the Ibero-American University in Mexico City inspired by the thought and martyrdom of his Jesuit colleague Ignacio Ellacuría of the Central American University of El Salvador, and advised by the sharp intellect of the great Mexican thinker Gustavo Esteva—had called us, from my position as an academic and administrator. In my capacity as Divisional Director of Humanities and Communication at Ibero Mexico City, I proposed holding a colloquium in 2016 called “For a Change of World,” where we invited students, faculty, researchers, administrative staff, and university service personnel to raise the most urgent social problems of our time and discuss ways to address them, considering their root causes as part of our university vocation, and making the crucial “epistemological” shift to learn from the knowledge of the peoples and social movements that creatively and hopefully confronted these forms of violence. The keynote address given by Leonardo Boff on the challenges of our time was memorable at that colloquium.

    From that auspicious moment, a series of talks, workshops, and academic colloquia followed, each bringing together three diverse and complementary perspectives and analyses: social movements resisting various forms of violence; academics learning and researching alongside these movements; and artists' collectives creating performances, choreographies, music, paintings, sculptures, plays, and literature to tell and recreate the life stories emerging from the cracks of a violent world. Over time, it proved to be a fascinating formula, full of cognitive, social, cultural, and spiritual challenges, revealing itself as a specific path to "decolonizing" the university, thus opening it to other processes of knowledge and transformation of reality arising from the peripheries of the hegemonic world.

    The 2017 colloquium “At the Crossroads of North and South” on the poetic and academic work of Boaventura de Sousa Santos was another memorable moment. Rappers, singing and dancing to the poetry of the Portuguese author's INKZ (Incapable) writing, interacted with Searching Mothers from Mexico and Argentina, with young women from the Community Guards of Cherán in Michoacán, and with healers from Bojayá in Colombia, healing the trauma of the massacre perpetrated by paramilitaries and the army, among many other experiences of victims turned survivors. In this way, we explored new paths of the “ecology of knowledges”—a barely explored territory that we will have to traverse in the years to come.

    Later, the conference on decolonial theologies organized in 2019 by the international theology journal Concilium in Mexico City—a publishing initiative I was part of as an editorial advisor and later as a director, which kept the flame of the Second Vatican Council alive—in collaboration with the Ibero-American University and the Dominican Catholic University Center (CUC) at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), brought together several of these threads into a master knot. An ecumenical prayer service in the Santo Domingo Church in Mexico City, co-led by a Dominican Catholic bishop and an Afro-Puerto Rican queer bishop, opened the event, which then brought together social movements from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina on the Santa Fe campus of the university. There, they engaged in inspiring conversations with investigative journalists, anthropologists, philosophers, and theologians in roundtables of mutual listening. Each day was accompanied by three-way discussions, following the format that had revealed to us a new model of university in its infancy. Other times we organize round tables with renowned figures, such as that extraordinary conversation between Rita Segato, Raúl Zibechi and Amador Fernández Savater about the spiritualities that animate resistances, a topic for the three figures outside of their usual reflections on critical theory that they agreed to explore, carried out at the CUC of the University Parish of the Dominicans, to close the event with provocative intuitions about “political hope”.

    ∂

    Up until then, we called these conversations “Resist” until, in dialogue with Nelson Maldonado-Torres during a colloquium in Boston in the spring of 2022, I realized the need to name this deeper phase of the decolonization of life and thought with a new expression. It was crucial to focus on the “re-existences” created by Afro-diasporic peoples, women in their struggle against patriarchy, queer collectives, mothers searching for their missing children in Argentina and Mexico, collectives of people in forced migration, people with disabilities (or different abilities, depending on the desired emphasis) creating living spaces, and so many other communities in resistance that invent, day after day, new ways of life, communal organization, and spiritualities of Buen Vivir (Good Living).

    Inspired by this intuition, together with Elías González and Juan Carlos La Puente, we organized two festival-meetings at ITESO in Guadalajara, both titled “Re-existe” (Re-exists), the first in 2023 and the second in 2025. Thanks to the vision of its rector, Alexander Zatyrka, and the creative imagination of a handful of theologians from Peru, Kenya, Nigeria, Catalonia, India, and Mexico, we were able to bring together eighty invited guests and hundreds of students and faculty at both events. The heart of both discussions and festivals beat with a focus on the spiritualities that sustain, with “combative hope,” the people and communities located on the fringes of the hegemonic world. Mining extractivism was analyzed in its connections to white supremacist racism and xenophobic immigration policies, with their strategies of ethnic cleansing and extermination focused on controlling territories and subjectivities through new settler colonialisms, such as those that gave rise to countries like the United States, South Africa, and Israel. There, we sought to unravel the processes of awakening, healing, and self-empowerment deployed by communities in resistance. Histories that, little by little, transform into re-existences.

    The harvest of these wonderful encounters was also expressed as a celebratory ritual thanks to the support of Fran, Diego, Glenda, and Lau, popular educators from the Bendita Mezcla collective, formed by the younger generations of the Base Ecclesial Communities of Our America. And so, these conversations reached their aesthetic climax with the comic book talent of Katsumi Lemus, the rap and hip hop of the comrades from Psicolexia and Semillero 259 from Chiapas, the performances of the Portland, Oregon, artists' collective, the dancers of Jauja in the Andean highlands, and so many other people who create glimmers of beauty in the cracks of necropower.

    We now dream of reuniting in Mother Africa in 2028, where we can honor the living memory of those peoples who teach us so much today about the power of their recovered ancestral heritage. Peoples who are living testaments to the creativity of the diaspora and the profound thought that arises from centuries-old wounds transformed into bodies and territories of dignity and hope, as in South Africa and Kenya, South Sudan and the Congo.

    In the context of the great catastrophe (Nakba) that we face today—whether as “war against humanity” according to the Zapatistas in Chiapas, as genocide in Palestine denounced in its ideological apparatuses of Jewish and evangelical Zionism by Silvana Rabinovich and Mitri Raheb, or as technofascism throughout the world according to decolonial thought—these encounters are more urgent than ever to weave networks of mutual recognition and political hope, promoting a sharp analysis of the complexity of the catastrophe.

    But perhaps the greatest challenge lies in sharing the initiatives for caring for territories and the processes of autonomy cultivated by many groups located in the cracks of the hegemonic world, where the life of the peoples is preserved and enhanced as a seed of hope for humanity and for the Common Home that welcomes us into its bosom.

    ∂

    On this urgent topic, a book on decolonial political theology has been in the works for a year. It is a decolonial analysis because it arises from the cracks in necropower during the great catastrophe. But such an approach is insufficient if it is not enriched by the anthropological analysis of mimetic desire, which explains the violence within subjectivity in relation to the otherness of one's neighbor and the other God. This decolonial political theology remains open to ongoing critique thanks to the horizon of apophatic thought, which warns us against any usurpation of the divine. It is a collective work that I gradually developed, together with colleagues who participated in the colloquia I organized with the support of Martin, Matthew, and Francis, enthusiastic doctoral students at Boston College, during the five years I lived in Massachusetts. The New York-based publisher Orbis Books is the home that welcomes us for the publication of this work, where we will give an account of our feelings and thoughts of re-existence in times of necropower.

    I will share more details about this book, which is in the final stage of the publishing process, in future posts.

    Jobel, September 12, 2026

  • Transfiguraciones mayas Acto cultural de los 500 OP Chiapas

    Mayan transfigurations Cultural event of the 500 OP Chiapas

    Welcome remarks

    By Carlos Mendoza Álvarez

    Good afternoon, dear brothers and sisters:

    This cultural event in the public square of the municipality of Zinacantán is a symbol of the dialogue between faith and reason that has been at the heart of the preaching of the Gospel, from its origins in the lands of Palestine with Jesus of Nazareth, two thousand years ago, to the present day in the Highlands of Chiapas.

    Jesus of Galilee was a preacher of good news for humanity, standing up to the powerful of his time, and accompanied by his messianic community even though he was betrayed by an angry mob.

    Jesus' loving sacrifice for a humanity reconciled with itself and with Mother Earth acquires a cosmic force with his resurrection from the dead, which is the most radical good news of all time.

    God is not a God of the dead, but of the living. And that is why the God of life is always on the side of the poor, the excluded, and the vulnerable, so that from there he may call everyone—victims and executioners alike—to heal humanity's mortal wounds and lead us to his fullness of life.

    On the occasion of the arrival of the first Dominican friars to the mainland of Abya Yala of the native peoples, five centuries ago on the coasts of Veracruz in 1526, we Dominican friars of today long to make a joyful, yet critical, memory of those five centuries of encounters and disagreements with the peoples of Mexico, especially those of Chiapas.

    The dialogue between faith and reason, we Dominican friars have promoted for eight centuries in spirituality, thought and the arts, always accompanied by the promotion of human dignity and its inalienable human rights, through justice and peace for all peoples and creatures, as did the first bishop of Chiapas, our brother Friar Bartolomé de Las Casas, through peaceful evangelization, and later followed in his footsteps by Friar Pedro Lorenzo de la Nada in the lands of the Pochutlas and the Lacandones, as can be seen in the mural that is about to be unveiled.

    The cultural event that brings us together today is a movement in three moments: image, word and music.

    The image

    Through murals, the Mayan peoples have long preserved their ancestral memory, the culmination of which are the murals of Bonampak. This tradition is renewed in contemporary Mayan art, such as that of the great master Antún Kojtom, a Tseltal artist from Tenejapa, who accepted the invitation of the Dominican friars to conceive, design, and paint the mural that will be unveiled in a few moments by the Provincial Prior of the Dominicans in Mexico, Friar Luis Javier Rubio Guerrero, the guest artist Antún Kojtom, and a friar representing the authorities of the San Lorenzo Mártir church.

    Next, nine paintings by young people from Zinacantán who participated in the introductory acrylic painting workshop offered by Master Antún last week will be exhibited. Their works reflect the ch'ulel, or spiritual strength, that accompanies them in their inner lives. We will then present them with certificates of recognition for their commitment.

    The word

    Since ancient times, human words have been a reflection of the divine word, especially poetry. In the second part of this cultural event, we will hear poetry from Xun Betan, a Tsotsil writer from Venustiano Carranza, and from the young people who participated in the workshop he led for several weeks in Zinacantán. We will also present certificates of recognition for their commitment.

    The music

    And to conclude, traditional music, that ancestral sound memory, will inspire us to look closely at the monumental mural by the master Antún Kojtom and the acrylics of his students. The sound waves of the traditional musicians from the Parish of San Lorenzo Mártir de Sots'leb will reach throughout the plaza, echoing in the sacred hills inhabited by the ch'ulelal, who also watch over us and accompany us today.

    ∂

    We, the Dominican friars, offer this gift to the people of Zinacanteco. It was made possible thanks to the agreement of the three community authorities: the municipality, the churches, and the pastoral plan.

    A special word of gratitude to the Sertull Foundation of Mexico City for its generous support in funding this initiative, as well as to the Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas Human Rights Center for its support in educating about historical memory and the human rights of indigenous peoples.

    In conclusion, I invite the Dominican family (friars, sisters, and laity) to continue deepening, with rigor and hope, the historical memory of that complex past of the Dominicans in Chiapas, considering the challenges that lie ahead in our time:

    • to make visible the stories of women knowledgeable in ancestral Mayan spirituality and their current positions in the communities, as well as the people of the

    sexual diversity in its dignity, its rights and its community responsibility;

    • and to accompany children and young people in their processes as they passionately embrace technological modernity, with its opportunities and its serious risks of ecological, social and political devastation, in times of algorithms and artificial intelligence.

    May the contemporary Tsotsil and Tseltal art that we will contemplate in the mural and the acrylics, hear in the poems and celebrate with the traditional music allow us to celebrate the dialogue of knowledge between the peoples, with their diverse ancestral and contemporary spiritualities.

    May we continue to practice mutual listening in our times to promote the full life of the native peoples of the Highlands of Chiapas, especially the Zinacantec people.

    Welcome to this celebration of life for the people of Zinacanteco, past and present!

    Sots'leb, June 6, 2026

    Friar Carlos Mendoza Álvarez, OP

    Coordinator of cultural activities 500 OP Chiapas

  • Amores no patriarcalesComet Ludo | The struggle doesn't continue, it's ongoing | 2014

    Non-patriarchal loves

    By Carlos Mendoza Álvarez

    “The patriarchy is a judge that judges us for being born | and our punishment is the violence you see […] And it wasn’t my fault, not how I walked, not how I dressed | and it wasn’t my fault, not how I walked, not how I dressed…” Thus began the performance by the Chilean collective Las Tesis at the height of the #MeToo movement, shortly before the Covid-19 pandemic that would later ravage humanity. I remember how, in 2020, protests spread across the world like a rising tide: gatherings in public squares, clotheslines denouncing sexual harassment in universities, companies, government offices, and public parks. A green-and-black wave of women’s collective action confronting patriarchy.

    At that time, colleagues at Universidad Iberoamericana Mexico City denounced fellow students, professors, and administrators through the clothesline for acts of sexual harassment. Thanks to these protests, a formal institutional protocol for reporting harassment was later established at the university, managed by various institutional committees and commissions. A human rights culture was also promoted to combat gender violence, integrating this issue into the curriculum and establishing the Center for Critical Gender Studies and Feminisms. Years earlier, a doctoral program had been created to investigate this phenomenon in contemporary society from an interdisciplinary perspective, thus contributing to the strengthening of feminist and LGBTQ+ collectives, while also designing proposals for the establishment of public policies on gender equality. I was tasked, along with feminist and queer colleagues, with exploring the best ways to support this initiative from the Division of Humanities and Communication, where I worked as a divisional coordinator at that time with a formidable team of young colleagues, experts in philosophy, communication, graphic arts, administration, and academic management.

    During those years, there was also a surge in denunciations from public figures emerging in diverse cultural spheres, such as the artistic, academic, and religious communities, expressing the outcry of more than half the world's population, fed up with gender-based violence, primarily against women, but also against queer individuals and groups. Thanks to this collective awakening, I discovered the admirable work of the Indian theologian Kochurani Abraham with women victims of gender-based violence inflicted against them by male leaders of three traditional Indian religions: Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. Their work consisted of making this age-old violence visible and accompanying women on their path to liberation from the patriarchal burden by inventing new forms of belonging to their spiritual tradition, nurtured by mutual care and creativity in their commitment to intertwining spirituality with social justice and gender equality.

    ∂

    But there were also excesses, such as cancel culture, which destroyed, with a click, the lives and careers of people accused without evidence, sometimes as a settling of scores, other times as the rotten fruit of rivalry, and still others with sufficient grounds for an anonymous denunciation out of fear of the corruption networks that kept the patriarchal pact intact, a political phenomenon analyzed by Rita Segato as a mandate of masculinity in her work Counter-pedagogies of cruelty.

    The case of Boaventura de Sousa Santos touched me very personally because years earlier I had organized, together with my dear colleague and friend Pablo Reyna, a colloquium on his scientific and poetic work, to frame the Honorary Doctorate through which he was awarded five degrees from universities within the Jesuit University System of Mexico for his notable contributions to epistemologies of the South, the World Social Forum, and the ecology of knowledges. A group of colleagues from the Center for Social Studies (CES) at the University of Coimbra accused him of sexual harassment in a British publication, which was later retracted. The accusation abruptly ended his career. This crisis, at the same time, brought to light a hidden problem of rivalry within Portuguese academia and its global connections. Now, five years later, we know that the accusations have not been proven, although the damage has already been done, according to the recent account of the Brazilian philosopher Marilena Chaui. As part of this sad story, Maria Paula Meneses, the Mozambican academic, who was one of the people accused of covering up for the Portuguese author, has just passed away, and a farewell message she made public last July before her death can be read.

    How to maintain the relevance of a colossal work like that of Boaventura, Maria Paula and Marilena, with their network of conversations about the world with decolonial and anticolonial colleagues such as Silvia Rivera-Cusicanqui   and  Gladys Tzul Tzul struggling from below, honoring first the memory of the victims of patriarchy, as well as those trapped in the spiral of resentment and hatred that expands in diverse human collectives, while continuing to call for the necessary accountability and the challenge of the communal discovery of truth?

    ∂

    This week I participated in the Seminar on non-patriarchal practices led by our dear friend and fellow anthropologist Abraham Mena at Ecosur. It was a virtual session that allowed us to include critical theology in the academic conversation in this intercultural and Indigenous city, as an interlocutor with other social sciences and the humanities, in order to reflect on paths for overcoming patriarchy and its toxic masculinities.

    In my presentation I emphasized the need for intersectionality as a method to connect the diverse forms of violence suffered by "the wretched of the earth," starting with women, but including people rendered disposable by a hegemonic, patriarchal, capitalist, classist, and white supremacist society.

    I was surprised by the online questions that focused on best practices for dismantling patriarchy. My guiding thread in the dialogue was non-patriarchal loves like a compass to escape the entanglement of hegemonic power with its many heads, like the capitalist hydra the Zapatistas warned us about some years ago.

    These non-patriarchal loves are dissident loves that dismantle the toxic way of affirming the human condition as power, control, and the mandate of masculinity. Diasporic loves of queer people, but also the love of cisgender people who embrace diversity in their own bodies, minds, and spirits. And as an expression of that love, I also emphasized the importance of ritual that collectives create in their diversity to celebrate life as survivors: the mothers of disappeared persons, the migrants facing the train of horror, not by chance named La Bestia, and the native peoples intertwining ancestral tradition with Christianities of diverse confessional tones.

    I recounted, as a reference point for these new forms, the history of feminist liturgies that recreate their own sacramentality from the passage of divinity through lives, the bodies and the struggles of women, as she has explored Marilú Rojas in her research on the feminist ecotheology of liberation. She also brought to heart the queer/cuir liturgies of LGBTQ+ collectives, which never cease to celebrate the queer God as an incarnate divinity. As Ángel Méndez points out, there is nothing more queer than a humanized God.

    Non-patriarchal loves are, ultimately, diasporic loves, that is to say, going out towards others in all their diversity. Gender-fluid loves that are constantly being reconceptualized, as analyzed by Sylvia Marcos in the case of Zapatista women. What matters are the people who risk living each human relationship and creature in the context of love that does not control, impose, or kill, but celebrates life in its amazing diversity.

    Non-patriarchal loves that must be discovered in each story of those who dare to go out and encounter others (across differences and beyond them) as gift, offering, call, caress, cry, and communion.

    San Cristóbal de Las Casas, February 14, 2026

    Note: How do you weave together non-patriarchal loves?

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