Tag: faith

  • Sobre el ocio y el silencio en tiempos reciosSliman Mansour, Temporary escape, 2018

    On leisure and silence in difficult times

    By Carlos Mendoza-Álvarez

     

    One of the advantages of being retired from academic life now is having free time that flows by day, like a trickle of water that runs down the mountain and becomes a stream until one day it becomes a river.

    The uncertainty of seeing time pass at the beginning of a new stage in life can be uncomfortable because it is accompanied by questions about the purpose of life, especially of each day. I no longer have to prepare the night before to have the next day's course updated, with the necessary teaching materials and the attire to wear for the classroom ritual. Time is measured in advance, minute by minute, in the time that will later pass in the classroom to ensure efficiency and the success of the program, as happened in my last years of teaching in Boston.

    Now I finally have time to think, read, and write. However, the ideas flow with astonishing slowness at times, suddenly untimely in the early morning.

    I no longer have to worry about having my PowerPoint presentation ready with clear ideas, essential quotes, and suggestive images to literally “capture” the attention of students, who were increasingly distracted by the virtual world and demanding the services of the “instructor.” Although they called me “teacher” when addressing me ceremoniously, they were actually demanding duties worthy of a gym instructor. It's no coincidence that this is what the experts in school education called us: “instructors.” This teaching service was an expectation that made itself felt with all its weight in the hundreds of emails each month that had to be answered to clarify questions about classes, authors, and assignments; or to send reports to school services requesting information on how we were handling students with mental illnesses, depression, syndromes I had never heard of, as well as special attention to people with motor, visual, or hearing disabilities. As never before in my thirty years of teaching, the most recurring problem to address in Boston College, It was depression, associated with anxiety, particularly during periods of midterm exams and especially finals.

    And now that I no longer have to live with the urge to jump between the classroom and the cubicle, time stretches out and deflates, with the impression of not moving anymore.

     

     

    There are other new activities in this "retirement" stage. Not because I'm always filled with joy, although there are certainly moments of great joy, but because I have to relearn how to live with time. I usually wake up early in the morning as before, but now without rushing, leisurely enjoying the time to meditate in silence and set off for my morning walk. I continue the day with the ritual of espresso and the latest news on the internet, checking a diary while I savor my coffee, which fortunately is no longer filled with appointments one after another. Now there's enough space and time to "do nothing." Which means I have to get down to the task of taste those hours of the day in the leisure.

    I fondly remember the classes of Father Ángel Melcón, a noted Thomist philosopher who was our formator during the Dominican novitiate in Agua Viva at the foot of the volcanoes. He insisted, following the Desert Fathers like Evagrius Ponticus, on the importance of re-educating ourselves during this time of initiation to move from "negotium" to "otium," as a countercultural act because business denies leisure. Thus, he invited us to discover, as novices, the time of pause in life, of silence, of learning to do nothing.

    Today we value similar teachings from the “desert mothers and fathers” (The Apophthegms of the Mothers and Fathers of the Desert), as the spiritual sources of early Christian monastic life in North Africa and the Middle East are known in theology, with its aphorisms or sayings of spiritual wisdom that express the ancient practice of leisure. Business is the worldly hustle and bustle that prevents the silence and contemplation that are precisely the substance of leisure, allowing us to live in inner freedom, confront evil and practice good.

    But how difficult it is to practice this art again, after decades of academic and religious activity. This "second novitiate" will be useful to me as a watershed to enter a new stage of life in the leisure of contemplation, now located in the silence of being and its shadows.

     

     

    Sara del Carmen, a dear reader friend from Coyoacán, gave me the novel a few days ago The Spinoza enigma Written by Irvin D. Yalom, the Stanford psychiatrist. I placed it on my desk for when I finished reading another novel which is the third part of the saga that began with The cathedral of the sea, written by the famous Spanish lawyer Ildefonso Falcones, following the story of an Aragonese soldier and aristocrat in Naples in the 14th century (In Love and War. The Cathedral of the Sea 3). While this novel fascinated me for the way it recounted the wars and loves that gave rise to Latin Europe, which later undertook the conquest of the New World, moving on to the other novel connecting the life of a philosopher excommunicated by the Jewish community of Amsterdam in the 17th century with the traumas of Hitler's ideologue and his aversion to Jews in the midst of the Nazi regime, brought me to the heart of a question that today lacerates my conscience about the perversion of the Jewish and Christian religion turned into a weapon of war.

    In recent years, the Palestinian question It has been deepening in my mind and heart like a cry of today's victims where questions about God, the world and myself arise with greater radicality that I cannot answer. Obviously the Jewish religion perverted by Zionism, both Christian and Jewish in our days, provokes in me a frank rejection because a century after the Shoah The Israeli state reproduces the same monstrosity, in the name of God and with the complicity of far-right Christian Zionism, to annihilate a brother Semitic people.

    The leisure time I enjoy now allows me to tie up the loose ends of the emotions, ideas, and stories that have surfaced in my life over recent years, revealing their intimate connection. Spinoza suffered excommunication from his Jewish community in Amsterdam with an Epicurean ataraxia that helps me understand the vocation that other free thinkers have followed, with its reverberations in my own life and in those of us who live on the peripheries of systems.

    The famous expression Deus sive Natura, God or Nature, proposed by Spinoza perhaps summarizes the daemon or modern genius that we urgently need to recover today. Boaventura de Sousa Santos told me this in a personal exchange, when I invited him to write an article on God as a critique of the Cartesian idea, which unfortunately could not be published in the issue of the magazine Concilium Divine Providence: Beyond the Paradigm of Omnipotence  because it had already been shared on the network (The end of the confinement of the Cartesian God). The excesses of religion have made God a transcendent being, as an omnipotent imperial substance associated with the powers of this world, when in reality he is immanent to the world, Spinoza argued. Pantheism in the eyes of the inquisitors of yesterday and today. “Pan-en-theism” as a philosophical current that runs through the history of the West, as described by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. But according to the most daring theologians and mystics of the Christian tradition, such as Meister Eckhart, Teilhard and Panikkar, what we call today “pan-en-theism” is in reality what they perceived and thought as the unity of reality that arises because everything real is theological core. That is to say, all reality is imbued with “the improvident divine providence,” as the French philosopher Emmanuel Falque says in the aforementioned issue of the magazine Concilium that I had to prepare.

    What does Spinoza's God have to do with the ongoing genocide of the Palestinian people? Perhaps this catastrophe, unpunished to this day, is supposed to be justified precisely by the idea of a God. religious who chooses a people, to give it a land and becomes his Warrior defender. Nothing could be further from reason, the excommunicated Jew would say. An idol that is not God, the apophatic mystics would say. And nothing could be further from the faith in the Messiah who comes as a gift to redeem the world from hatred, according to the radical vision of Jesus in Galilee and his itinerant community.

     

     

    Leisure in this new stage of life opens up a new perspective for exploring my own faith as a silence amidst the rubble of modernity. And thus, I learn to distinguish true religion, which is the contemplation of superabundant Love, which is not a being as an object, but the source of being that animates and sustains everything, and, in extreme cases, those who live in the shadows of non-being.

    However, to access this world of mysterion divine, cosmic and human, it is necessary to dismantle the pseudo-divine avatars that with destructive force control minds, institutions and ritual practices full of arrogance, fear and violent segregation of what is different.

    I cannot forget the main lesson I learned from my stay in South Africa last summer, which will serve as a beacon for years to come: the invitation to cultivate the ability to listen to the cries, whispers, and screams of those who dwell in the shadows of non-being, which is like an anticipated death. And even less do I wish to forget the most unexpected and hopeful thing that emerges in this desert of desolation: the knowledge of the peoples who resist violence as provocations of those lives that return from death, summoning us all. Ancestors. Remnants. Survivors. Their silence is the most eloquent language of the human, the cosmic, and the divine, to contemplate in leisure time and walk with them.

    Making room for leisure requires silence. An experience of the suspension of the senses, like an implosion of appearances that gives way to the appearance of true faces. And with that silence emerges the eloquence of the gaze, the power of the caress, the rebellion of the liberated body, the hope of those who have left us but live on in divine memory.

    In the “tough times” to come, as Teresa of Avila said, I am preparing to go beyond the business from life in the university and in the temple, even in the public square and social networks.

    Inhabiting everyday reality differently, in the cracks and silences, mine and others', some murmur of life will rise to heaven. From the cracked earth and from the rubble of the collapsing world and from my shattered ego, a radiance of being appears.

     

    Mexico City, August 30, 2025

  • El emperador o las sombrasJulián Pablo, Apophatic Christ, oil on canvas, 2014

    The Emperor or the Shadows

    By Carlos Mendoza-Álvarez OP

     

    The story goes that 1,700 years ago, Constantine I, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, tired of the quarrels among his Christian subjects, called them to settle their differences over the identity of the founder of their movement, Jesus the Galilean, executed in the year 30 of the Common Era in a distant province of the Roman Empire.

    Three centuries had passed since a group of women disciples testified that they had seen Rabbi Jesus again, after his bloody murder on the outskirts of Jerusalem, returning with his wounded but luminous body, reuniting with them in a garden or on the beach, rereading together the stories of their ancestors with new eyes, their hearts burning as they remembered his sayings and gestures around a bit of bread or fish shared with him.

    At least five generations of Christian communities, scattered throughout Asia Minor on the fringes of the Roman Empire, had passed until the moment when the emperor took that initiative. These communities had followed the path opened by some of Jesus' closest friends, such as Peter and James, or those who had only heard of him, such as Paul of Tarsus. Each one told his story of a life change, after having welcomed into his heart the teachings of Rabbi Jesus, so ancient and so new in the lineage of his Hebrew ancestors, about the generous love of his Abba and the strength of his Ruah or Spirit given to those who follow him.

    Throughout those years, lived by the first Christian communities in the diaspora, some didn't fully understand who the Galilean was. For all, he was an exceptional person who had marked their lives in unusual ways, sometimes experiencing his extraordinary power through miraculous acts that made him appear as an angel, not a human. Other times, the memory of his words and deeds left them with a new life lesson, like the great rabbi of the one God, whose absence left them orphaned. A good man, a prophet, an angel of God, an extraordinary being. But they couldn't quite work out who Jesus was.

    Long ago, second- and third-generation Christians, who kept alive the memory of Jesus' beloved disciple in Ephesus, for example, preserved poems that sang of Jesus' life as the divine Logos who "existed from the beginning with God and was God" (Jn 1:1). Other inspired hymns had been collected by Paul of Tarsus, Priscilla, Lydia, and Phoebe during their time in communities in Asia Minor, later including them in letters, rituals, and Gospels to celebrate Jesus as "the one who did not boast about his status as God," in Paul's letter to the community of Philippi (Phil 2:6), or as "the firstborn from the dead," in his letter to the community of Colossae (Col 1:18). Those early second- and third-generation Christian communities recognized Jesus as the Son of Man, the firstborn of the dead, the Alpha and Omega of the new creation, as well as many other titles that expressed the human and messianic condition of the Nazarene.

    Until the time came, at the beginning of the 4th century of the Common Era, when some experts in the Hebrew Scriptures and in the letters and stories of Jesus' friends - most of them monks and bishops from North Africa and Asia Minor, including some from Hispania, that distant Roman province - began to write treatises unleashing a polemic to name the novelty of the Galilean's being. Most of these learned masters in the philosophy of the time chose Greek words to name that intimate communion of Jesus with his heavenly Abba, among which stood out that of homoousious or “of the same being”, to designate that Jesus shares from all eternity the same “substance” or being as his Abba.

    And so was born the declaration of the bishops gathered in Nicaea, convened by the Emperor Constantine in 325, which gave rise to the Creed of the Church that we still profess every Sunday at the Eucharist: “I believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, born of the Father before all ages: God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, in the same way.” substance that the Father, through whom all things were made.”

     

     

    Although this expression is a treasure in the memory of the primitive community that is already part of the DNA of the Christian faith, over the centuries in the Mediterranean basin this expression was clothed with an imperial aura to designate the divine being as the "power" of God the creator and of his Son. Pantocrator or almighty.

    These divine names later justified a model of Eurocentric imperial Christianity that was imposed on other cultures and other ways of approaching the divine mystery that were colonized, most of the time destroyed, in the name of that idea of a God-substance that is the principle and foundation of the civilizing order that expanded throughout the globe, claiming to be the most complete form of human culture.

    But today it is necessary to recover those voices denied by imperial Christianity as part of the symphony of the faith of the peoples. How can we express with new words and symbols the faith of the people of God that celebrates the intimacy of the divine Ruah that Jesus shares with his Abba? Returning to the ancient faith of the Church that confesses that Jesus is a true human being and true God, we can reread his humanity through the lens of the desire that constitutes us as beings in relationship, in order to experience and understand that which unites Jesus with his Abba: both share the same loving desire to give life to the other, which is another way of stammering the strength or dynamis divine which is the Holy Spirit.

    In this way, confessing that Christ lives the same desire as his Abba, opening space for a third person who is precisely the divine Ruah, also touches us intimately, including every creature in the cosmos, to be wrapped in the loving embrace of Trinitarian life. A dance that is an incessant gift of loving superabundance, accompanying the entire creation.

     

     

    This same loving desire animates the kenosis or self-emptying of the divine Word that the Christian faith affirms is the heart of redemption. Through the Incarnation, God "migrates" from full being to the realm of non-being to rescue those who live "in darkness and in the shadow of death," as the elderly Zechariah, one of the anawin or poor of Yahweh, celebrating his son John who would precede the steps of the Messiah.

    Because Jesus shares in the same desire as his Abba, as the Messiah of God, he crosses the abyss to go from the light to the shadows of the shadows of the shadows. To share in the same being as his Abba means, on the path of cosmic and human redemption, to descend to the Sheol or place of the ancestors, as an act of radical solidarity with the entire creation and with the victims of violent history in order to, from non-being, bring forth life as a messianic insurrection.

    He Apophatic Christ The extraordinary canvas by Julián Pablo, which accompanies today's reflection, painted in his studio at the Santo Domingo Convent in Mexico City a decade ago, emerges like a flash of light amidst the shadows, precisely from the realm of non-being, as an affirmation of life amidst death. This painting is a contemporary visual representation of the mystery of redemption "in the negative," that is, from the reverse side of violent history, where God brings about universal redemption.

    May the commemoration of the 1700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea be a propitious occasion for us to cross the abyss and encounter those who today cry out for life from the realms of non-being produced by systemic violence. These survivors, with dignified rage and eschatological imagination, participate in the divine-human communion as an anticipation of the new world that has come from God, and they call upon the entire human species to celebrate God-with-us.

     

    Puebla de los Ángeles, August 3, 2025

English