Category: Bioculturality

  • Semillero en gestación sobre teologías descoloniales en Cholula Subjetividades, cuerpos y territorios como lugares teológicos de resistenciaAmira Rahim | Cholula | 2017

    Seedbed in gestation on decolonial theologies in Cholula Subjectivities, bodies and territories as theological sites of resistance

    By Carlos Mendoza Álvarez

    During a lunch with Kochurani in Cotonou, the capital of Benin, a few weeks ago on the occasion of the World Forum on Theology and Liberation, we shared a common desire to create “cosmic homes” where we can meet, rooted in our land, to cultivate seeds of diverse theologies, with a shared yearning to flourish as individuals and collectives in resistance. Between Kerala and Cholula, a nascent connection was thus established to illuminate these homes, learning from our life stories, where it is possible to listen to the poignant questions arising from the survivors we accompany, while also allowing ourselves to be surprised by their unwavering hope. Places where it is also possible to share the poetic inspirations and intuitions of thought through which the Divine spells out for us in languages as diverse as the colors of the earth.

    For at least a decade, in my case, the dream of that homeland had been taking shape, thanks to "mother experiences" where I grasped that something new was happening, often in seemingly insignificant times and places, but where the strength of the Ruah was clear and powerful.

    Juan Carlos told me with emotion years ago, during a hike in Mount Hood—the ancient Wyeast of the Chinook people in Wuaregan land, now Oregon—how deeply moved he was by visiting Raimon Panikkar's little house in Catalonia, where the Christian-Hindu-Buddhist mystic and theologian liked to receive his close friends. Located on the outskirts of a small mountain village, his home was a space of hospitality that fostered dialogue among people of diverse faiths who drew from the same source of "cosmotheandric mystery," as the great mystic of our time liked to describe the reality of the interwoven world of life.

    The Jesuits' cabin in Mapuche territory, with its wooden chapel adorned with woolen textiles and a small oil lamp, was another of those microcosms where infinity seemed to converge beneath a starry sky. I cherish that moment in my memory like a flame of sincere and generous hospitality from three fellow travelers who had chosen to allow themselves to be inhabited by the people of Wallmapu, thus opening themselves to the God of life who never ceases to call to us and surprise us as a source of fulfillment for all peoples.

    A similar “place” – with all the Illichian echo of this noun – we seek to create a group of friends in a territory of Chollollan – or “falling water” in Nahuatl – the oldest inhabited city in America that blooms every year with its fruit trees in August and its cempasúchitl flowers in November, at the foot of the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes, near Puebla, my hometown of New Spain origin.

    Pending the opportunity to be received by that fertile land at a propitious time to plant the trees that will shelter the cabin-home in the years to come, we will hold a workshop on decolonial theologies in March of next year, with dear colleagues who were my university students years ago and are now companions on the path of theological work animated by spiritualities of life that resists and re-exists in the cracks of power that kills.

    With Juan Jesús and Juan Carlos, I have explored for decades what theology with the Dominican stamp means in times of late modernity. Juan Jesús's questions about the conditioning of subjectivity, whether in its psychological dimension or in its powers of knowledge and action, helped me understand the emotional and practical foundation of the thought that we urgently need to weave in a society wounded by the libido dominandi. With Juan Carlos, I learned, from the time we shared the studium As part of our community work at the Pedro de Córdoba Institute in Santiago, Chile, we began to explore the mystique that sustains human rights defenders, inspired by liberation theology in their commitment to the poor and victims, while honestly examining the depths and power of our own shared histories of vulnerability. The path of mutual spiritual and theological accompaniment was born there, at the foot of the Andes, like a river with its own course that has irrigated other valleys in various parts of the world.

    Cleusa and Pedro Igor, with the power of Afro-Brazilian knowledge in dialogue with liberation theologies, have taught me to value the memory of the African diaspora on our continent, undoubtedly marked by the tragedy of centuries of slavery, but above all by the strength and beauty of its peoples in resistance throughout five centuries. The new epistemologies of Blackness, the wisdom of living ancestral religions, and the power of Afro-diasporic feminisms are all ways of exploring the subjectivities denied by colonial modernity, which I began to explore in my doctoral dissertation and which I now discover with new nuances and depths thanks to these friends of the Afro-Brazilian diaspora.

    For the past six years, I've walked alongside Laurel, Sole, Martín, and Francis in Massachusetts—having come to Boston College from Chile and Ohio—to discover the strength of new generations of theologians feeling and thinking from their bodies, subjectivities, and territories, with their wounds and the power of their experiences that subvert systemic violence. Whether through the liberating emphasis of grassroots ecclesial communities in El Salvador and Chile, or through the feminist and queer zeal to incorporate these contested territories of gender, or through thinking about politics from the margins of empire in times of escalating techno-fascism, these new voices of feminist, liberation, and decolonial theology are nourishing my life and thought in astonishing ways.

    Next March, we will experience the thrill of meeting again, as we did a year ago in Rio de Janeiro, to reflect on what we have learned together, to continue “conspiring,” as Ivan Illich said and as Javier Sicilia likes to think—that is, sharing the promptings of the divine Ruah that animates, challenges, seduces, and encourages us to “give a reason for the hope that is in us to anyone who asks us,” according to the biblical author's vision in 1 Peter 3:15. For our generation, living in dark times on a global scale, this prompting certainly means glimpsing the glimmers of hope that emerge from the cracks and rubble of Gaza, from the mass graves, from the refugee camps in South Sudan, and from so many other places of death transformed into places of life by survivors and collective resistance movements. During those days, we will also present the collective book that is the fruit of that Rio colloquium, like a seed we wish to plant in that sacred ground. We will tell you more about the details of the seedbed in gestation later.

    Chollollan will welcome us as a territory of ancient and new wisdom where we want to "sow seeds and light fires," as the native peoples of Our America say, and prepare the hearth of the cabin-home that awaits us.

    Huitepec, Chiapas, August 29, 2026

  • En las laderas volcánicas del altiplano mexicano Sobre la vida que resiste y florece en las grietas del mundoJorge González Camarena | The Mountain | Encaustic on Masonite | BBVA Mexico Collection | ca. 1980

    On the volcanic slopes of the Mexican plateau About life that endures and flourishes in the cracks of the world

    By Carlos Mendoza Álvarez

    The fumarole of the Popocatépetl volcano is perceived from afar as a powerful sign of sacred land, venerated by the ancient Mexicans and later by the "graniceros" of today, who preserve the prayer with offerings to the ancestral mountains of the Cholula valley, heart of the volcanic axis of the Mexican highlands.

    Returning to the landscape of childhood, scanning for signs to sow dreams of words and true encounters, brought to my memory surprising episodes of life.

    The first was the campsite on the slopes of Iztaccíhuatl, or the Sleeping Woman, which we, the colleagues from the Emiliano Zapata Preparatory School, organized fifty years ago. The camaraderie of Raúl, Arturo, Adrián, Juan, and Alfredo, among other dear friends, forged a sacred friendship in that place that endures to this day. The youthful rituals of student camping were enlivened by periods of silence, games, cooking, and celebration, listening in the heart of the forest to the progressive rock music of our generation, from Pink Floyd and Queen to Emerson, Lake & Palmer and other British bands that populated our collective imagination.

    Another memorable moment in volcanic lands was the ascent to the Popocatépetl crater, with Friar Raúl Vera as our novice master, guided by Güero, a young, expert mountaineer from Amecameca, in the State of Mexico, one early morning in the spring of 1980. After a great effort in the final part of the climb, well-equipped with ice axes, mountain boots, and goggles for the glare of the snow, the group of ten novices and their master reached the crater. We found the volcano's chimney exhaling sulfurous vapors, still silent, as Don Goyo—as Popocatépetl is called because of March 12, the day of Saint Gregory, on which, since ancient times, its feast day has been celebrated with offerings to ask for rain—would not reactivate its active cycle until December 21, 1994, after seventy years of volcanic inactivity. Peering towards the inner cone from the crater's ridge, amidst an astonishing silence, we celebrated "the Mass on the world," according to that phrase by Teilhard de Chardin, that remarkable scientist and Jesuit mystic of the cosmic Christ, Alpha and Omega of the evolution of the cosmos.

    As a sacred place, this land of volcanoes has also suffered the siege of evil, but with the triumph of life, leaving scars on the wounded social body.

    I remember the harrowing experience of four friars who volunteered to mediate, for humanitarian and evangelical reasons, the ransom payment for a kidnapping victim. It happened in 1994, that fateful year for Mexico, when disparate worlds collided like tectonic plates: the modernity of President Salinas, marked by the greed and corruption of the Mexican political system, clashed head-on with the guerrilla movements that still survived in the country after their persecution by the Mexican state since the Dirty War of the 1970s. Living through the experience of mediating the ransom payment for a kidnapped person was a profound experience, bringing me face to face with the fragility of human life in the face of the abyss of evil. The cursed money of that thirty-million-dollar ransom symbolized, on the one hand, the perversion of the powerful members of the Mexican elite who amassed such wealth, and on the other, the wickedness of those who used human life as a banner of justice for dubious social causes. As part of the ransom delivery route, the kidnappers, who were guiding us by satellite phones—very rare even then—made us cross the Paso de Cortés, right between the two sacred volcanoes, to reach Puebla and deliver the cursed briefcases there. This wasn't possible because, according to those manipulating us, we were being followed by the government. After a few days of uncertainty, we were able to deliver the ransom in a working-class neighborhood of Mexico City, and the person was released hours later. The four friars who volunteered to be mediators will never forget that experience of humanitarian assistance amidst a wave of criminal violence, with perpetrators on both sides. Violence that, unfortunately, persists to this day in new forms of necropower.

    Years later, I returned to that area through Tlamacas, a mountain refuge also located in Paso de Cortés, during a dramatic moment for a community there on a spiritual retreat led by Friar Ricardo Villarreal at the Hermitage of Silence. In the middle of the night, after a day of meditation, the community was attacked by bandits. Their collective trauma did not prevent this contemplative meditation community from continuing on its path of inner healing and strengthening of its communal life, uniting body, mind, and spirit in a journey of spirituality in motion, through sacred walks, Christian and Buddhist mantras, and service to the community. The silence of the forest, with its human and other inhabitants, had been desecrated by criminal gangs.

    In recent decades, the plume of Don Goyo (Goyo's volcano) has persisted, sometimes exhaling sulfurous vapors and volcanic ash accompanied by lava. Thus, it presides over the dawns of the Puebla-Tlaxcala valley, with its history of earthquakes and social movements of indigenous peoples, of youth demanding democracy, and of collectives dedicated to the spirituality of the land.

    Popocatépetl is the guardian of Iztaccíhuatl, also called "La Volcana" (The Volcano) by the farming communities that live on its slopes, or Rosita because its August festival gratefully celebrates the rains and the fertility of the crops. She is the beloved Sleeping Woman of Mexica mythology, reimagined in recent times as the guardian of the planet's chakras, according to the mythology of Regina created by Antonio Velasco Piña.

    A few days ago, I had the good fortune to visit the territory of San Juan Tianguismanalco and Santiago Xalitzintla, accompanied by Víctor and Carolina, with their young son Emik, who live there and lovingly care for it. For me, this short trip was a reunion with sacred land. I experienced that day as a ritual within the spiral of time, to once again tread that sacred ground of my youth, now with dreams in my heart of returning to the land of my ancestors.

    I met a young and talented witness to the communities organized in defense of their land, connected by family ties and choice to the villages, forests and springs, birds and insects, reptiles and rodents, cornfields and greenhouses that inhabit it. A land of volcanoes with lush avocado, apple, peach, and pear trees. A territory of flowers and aromatic plants with healing essences used in traditional therapies. Ancestry and agroecology find in this land a strength deeply rooted in the land, a promise of life in a present lived with hope amidst so many global uncertainties.

    The dream of Tabor - another holy mountain that has always accompanied me as a symbolic place of ancient and new transfigurations, from that of Jesus of Galilee to that of the peoples in resistance and re-existence - is now revived with impetuous force in these parts, now in these sacred mountains.

    The volcano evokes the virtuous triangle I've been discovering with friends like Juan Carlos from Peru, Kochurani from India, and Laurel from the United States and El Salvador, as well as with collectives from diverse latitudes, to represent our learning process of sowing combative hope where life is threatened. One vertex of the triangle is the practice of mutual support among individuals and collectives resisting systemic violence as a source of life. The other vertex is the creative experiences where we learn to re-exist, reinventing ourselves from the ruins amidst the Great Catastrophe we are experiencing. And the third vertex is the spiritual and theological seedbeds, with ethical and mystical depth, that we can cultivate collectively to learn to care for ourselves and flourish as individuals and creatures of the cosmos. Soon, in this land of volcanoes, we will create a virtual and in-person seedbed on the decolonial theology we are developing in community.

    We will see how the breath of the divine Ruah makes us discover, with exquisite respect for the territory and its inhabitants, new calls to inhabit together the sacred land of the Puebla highlands.

    And speaking of resistance to necropower in the territories, we must now also consider the digital realm where artificial intelligence, manipulated by transnational corporations and authoritarian governments, is designing techno-fascism. For this reason, next Thursday, July 9th, the JobeLab collective, formed by friends from San Cristóbal de Las Casas, will hold the discussion “Disarming Power and Rescuing the Human: Readings on Leo XIV’s Encyclical 'Magnifica Humanitas'‘ at La Madriguera bookstore in San Cristóbal de Las Casas. We will have the participation of experts in computer science, communication, anthropology, philosophy, and theology. Chiapas is a prize for its natural resources, coveted by the industry behind AI, so it is crucial to understand what we are facing. We hope to see you there.

    San Juan Tianguismanalco, July 2, 2026

  • Somos tierra, somos viento Las enseñanzas del Jilol PedroCarlos Mendoza Álvarez | Prayer in the hills with Jilol Pedro | Sot's Leb, 2026

    We are earth, we are wind The teachings of Jilol Pedro

    By Carlos Mendoza Álvarez

    The rocky base of the mountain - through which the Ts'ajalsul or river of salt water - is the center of the world during the prayer of Peter, the young man Jilol or the healer of the Tsotsil people. Dressed in his black wool poncho, with two red crosses embroidered on the shoulders like the dalmatic of Saint Lawrence the Martyr, patron saint of Sots'leb -land of bats in Tsotsil, or Zinacantán- Pedro plants the candles and places the flowers already blessed before dawn.

    In a long ceremony held in the parish hall, on the eve of Ash Wednesday, the six gathered Jiloletic With dozens of catechists and some of the friars who walk with them, we were preparing to accompany them to six sacred sites in the Zinacanteco region to bring offerings to the hills that protect us from wars and evils, invoking God and the saints at every spring, rock at the bottom of the ravine, or hilltop where we would stop to pray after an exhausting sacred walk.

    Three times a year, according to ancestral tradition, prayers rise to the heavens from the hills of this region in the Chiapas Highlands, inhabited by the Tsotsil people of Zinacantán, to venerate Mother Earth in her sacred places and acknowledge the God of Life, who ceaselessly shelters all creatures that live here with the forests and springs. Jiloletic They are the ones who hold sacred power in these ceremonies. They have received the mandate—in dreams and through extraordinary signs throughout their lives, sometimes since childhood—to heal the community of its many ailments, illnesses, and the violence inflicted upon their bodies and crops. Healers of ancestral tradition, their spiritual authority is revered by the communities at pivotal moments, such as prayers on the hills to ask for bountiful harvests, abundant rains, and protection from war and other evils that threaten the people and creatures who inhabit these lands.

    Pedro is a young man from Jilol who led one of the six pilgrimage routes through the hills of Zinacantán earlier this year. His gentle nature, with a deep gaze and kind smile, becomes powerful when he begins to pray in Tsotsil, his voice strong and mantra-like, chanting invocations to the hills, the saints, and the... Ch'ul Spirit, with Jesus Christ and Mary as guides of protection and divine strength. We all kneel behind him, on the rushes carefully scattered by the catechists, to "plant the candles," already blessed, before the three Zinacanteco green crosses that mark this place as a sacred space, visited by other pilgrims throughout the year. The crosses are also venerated with white and yellow flowers that were also blessed and incensed before dawn.

    At some of the Stations of the Cross, Peter tells us a story about the holy place. Like that one about Lachikin, On the rocky hill beside the river, a group of soldiers are summoned who remained there after a past attempt to attack a woman bathing in the river, a criminal impulse that led them to the current where they drowned. But the hills rescued them and transformed them into guardians of these lands, protecting their inhabitants from war. That is why every year we must come to remind them of this duty, because they still dwell here. Many creatures inhabit the hills, and Jiloletic They have received the gift of seeing them and communicating with them in order to ask for protection for the communities.

    After hearing that brief story, the group continues along the path, advancing single file along a steep, rocky trail to climb the hillside and reach another ravine where another prayer will take place. But before setting off, the walkers each receive a small cup of soda, passed from mouth to mouth, like a ritual act of shared strength. Alejandro, the catechist coordinator, invites us to pick up the trash left behind by other careless pilgrims, especially bottles and plastic wrappers, as a sign of caring for the sacred place we have just venerated. A small symbol of the work of caring for Mother Earth that the diocese is painstakingly promoting as part of its spirituality and ecotheology.

    For several decades now, the Parish of Zinacantán—re-entrusted to the Dominican friars in 1975 after an absence of more than a century, in harmony with the Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas in its commitment to the poor and indigenous peoples, along with the hundreds of catechists and lay ministers who support the communities—has been fostering the encounter between the ancestral spirituality of the Zinacantán people and the Christian spirituality of the Gospel of Christ, embodied in the life and culture of the Zinacantán communities. The prayer on the hills, for example, which they continue to practice, is a testament to this tradition. Jiloletic While celebrated independently, it is also an integral part of the parish's activities. Each of these key moments of the year culminates in a Eucharist where both traditions converge in a shared intention to care for the life of the community and venerate Mother Earth as the primordial gift of the God of Life, who nourishes us with his body that is earth and wind, water and fire, and in the height of love becomes the body of Christ to nourish the praying community.

    “We are earth, we are wind” was the mantra that arose in my heart as I silently accompanied the prayers of Jilol Pedro in each of the sacred sites we visited one cold morning with radiant sunshine in the hills of Zinacantán.

    Land that is nourished by springs, streams and rivers that flow between its rocky canyons.

    Wind that sways the treetops and carries in its chariot the birds that live there. Wind that fans the fire that humanized the ancestors.

    “We are earth, we are wind,” according to the wisdom of the prayer of the hills. That full awareness, embodied in breath, prayer, and shared words these days with the Jiloletic of Zinacantán, will endure in my memory like a spark of life that other traditions also receive in their own language.

    Perhaps not by chance, this week we received ashes on our heads, according to the symbolism of the Hebrew and later Christian people: we are earth prepared by God like an ancient potter. This gesture is accompanied by a call to conversion. But we are also the wind of God who breathes his own spirit into us. Ruah divine to make us living beings.

    Sots'leb, February 22, 2026

    Note: How do we connect today with our earth and wind selves?

English